What is Australia Opal?
Australia is the world's greatest producer of precious opal. The Australian opal mining industry, which ultimately became a major export earner for the national economy, began rather quietly and hesitantly. The first discovery of opal in Australia has been attributed to an eccentric German geologist, Professor Johannes Menge, who discovered greenish common opal near Angaston (South Australia) some 80 km to the north of Adelaide around 1840. The opal's internal structure makes it diffract light; depending on the conditions in which it formed it can take on many colors. Opal ranges from clear through white, gray, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, magenta, rose, pink, slate, olive, brown, and black. Of these hues, the reds against black are the most rare, whereas white and greens are the most common. Opal is a hydrated form of amorphous silica with the chemical formula SiO2.nH2O, where "n" varies from 1 to 21 weight per cent. Opal occurs in two forms: precious opal with a play-of-colour, and opal with no play-of-colour called patch or common opal.
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